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The mapping and sequencing of the human genome has resulted in an explosion of information, which has led in several instances to improved capability for detecting diseases or increased susceptibility to disease, treatment of diseases, and the identification of individuals at increased risk for adverse reactions to pharmaceuticals and environmental or workplace chemicals. Genetic screening offers the prospect of a new era for prevention and treatment and a growing array of effective new interventions, however, it is imperative that OEM practitioners be well grounded in the relevant ethical, legal, social, and scientific considerations and be prepared to offer sound advice to employees, employers, insurance companies, and regulatory agencies.