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Occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) physicians, uniquely positioned as medical professionals responsive to both employees and employers, play a pivotal role in addressing issues of HIV infection and AIDS in the workplace. This ACOEM guidance statement addresses general issues of HIV and AIDS in the workplace, including the role of the OEM physician within the context of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. In addition, workplace issues specific to the health care industry, including the infected health care worker, exposure prevention, and prophylactic therapy are addressed.